I think what he is saying is that it is easier to do something ad hoc in Monarch since it is a global service with unified storage and retrieval. A Googler can join the data of Gmail and Ads easily if they want, whereas combining the borgmon data of those services is either not possible or it involves downloading CSVs and performing the join externally.
> Does it allow different aggregation methods (avg/sum/max/whatever) for different metrics, like Carbon does?
All of these methods are available[1]. Stackdriver Monitioring is the public face of Monarch.
No, I think it's strictly about where aggregations and other computations occur. You hint at that when you mention CSV files. Borgmon keeps X hours of data in memory and looks up anything older from TSDB. I never understood how to aggregate data from the same service, after the fact, in a reliable fashion. Or if it was possible at all. I believe it was only working when looking at data in memory. That's why people had rules to aggregate data at multiple levels as it was being ingested, then persisting that into TSDB.
I don't remember the latter being much more sophisticated than a bunch of files in GFS with the timeseries and some metadata, either. Monarch, I think, is based on Bigtable. It has a richer API. It might even use BT coprocessors to perform computations closer to the where the raw data is stored, rather than in the Monarch frontends. (I haven't watched the public talk, so I'm just going from vague recollection.)
I am pretty sure that was developed for Monarch. Perhaps later it was adopted by BM to consolidate storage, but still through a dumb API? I know that originally it had a bunch of files in GFS, with a layer of indirection, because there was a tool to fix them.
> Does it allow different aggregation methods (avg/sum/max/whatever) for different metrics, like Carbon does?
All of these methods are available[1]. Stackdriver Monitioring is the public face of Monarch.
1: https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/ref_v3/rest/v3/proje...